Buddhist-Muslim Interaction: Bibliography

This bibliography, compiled in 1996, contains materials for supplementing "The Historical Interaction between the Buddhist and Islamic Cultures before the Mongol Empire" from the previous Berzin Archives website with further parts on the Mongol and Post-Mongol Periods.]

Bibliography

Aalto, Pentti. "On the Role of Central Asia in the Spread of Indian Cultural Influence" in India’s Contribution to World Thought and Culture, Lokesh Chandra, et al. (eds.). Madras: Vivekananda Rock Memorial Committee, 1970, 249-262.

Ahmad, Aziz. "Conversions to Islam in the Valley of Kashmir," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 23 (1979), 5-10.

al-Beruni, Abu Raihan. Al Beruni’s India, E. Sachau (transl.). Delhi: S. Chand & Co., 1964; 1st edition: London, 1888.

Allsen, Thomas T. "The Yüan Dynasty and the Uighurs of Turfan in the 13th Century" in China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th – 14th Centuries, Morris Rossabi (ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983, 243-280.

Alptekin, Erkin. "The Uighurs," Common Voice: Journal of the Allied Committee of the Peoples of Eastern Turkestan, Mongolia, Manchuria and Tibet presently under China, vol. 2 (1992), 9-18.

Aris, Michael. Bhutan, The Early History of a Himalayan Kingdom. Ghaziabad: Vikas Publishing House, 1980.

Asmussen, Jes Peter. Manichaean Literature: Representative Texts Chiefly from Middle Persian and Parthian Writings. (Persian Heritage Series, no. 22). Delmar, New York: Scholars’ Facsimiles and Reprints, 1975.

_______. "The Sogdian and Uighur-Turkish Christian Literature in Central Asia before the Real Rise of Islam" in Indological and Buddhist Studies, Volume in Honour of Professor J. W. de Jong on His Sixtieth Birthday, L. A. Hercus, et. al. (ed.). (Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica, no. 27). Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1982, 11-29.

_______. Xuastvanift: Studies in Manichaeism. (Acta Theologica Danica, no. 7). Copenhagen: Prostant Afud Munksgaard, 1965.

Bailey, Harold Walter. The Culture of the Sakas in Ancient Iranian Khotan(Columbia Lectures on Iranian Studies, no. 1). Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, 1982.

_______. "The Word ‘But’ in Iranian," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 6, part 2 (1931), 279-283.

Barthold, W. (Vasilii Vladimirovic). "Der iranische Buddhismus und sein Verhältnis zum Islam" in Oriental Studies in Honour of Curetji Erachji Pavry, Jal Dastur Curetji Pavry (ed.). London: Oxford University Press, 1933, 29-31.

_______. Zur Geschichte des Christentums in Mittelasien bis zur mongolischen Eroberung. Tübingen & Leipzig: J. C. B. Mohr, 1901.

Bartol’d, Vasilii Vladimirovich. Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasions, 1st ed., 1928; 4th ed. (E. W. Gibb Memorial Series, n. s.). Philadelphia: Porcupine Press, 1975.

Barua, Dipak Kumar. Viharas in Ancient India: A Survey of Buddhist Monasteries. Calcutta: Indian Publications, 1969.

Bausani, A. "Religion under the Mongols" in The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 5: The Seljuk and Mongol Periods, J. A. Boyle (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958, 538-549.

Beal, Samuel (transl.). Si-yu-ki, Buddhist Records of the Western World, translated from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang (A.D. 629). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1981; 1st edition: London, 1884.

Beckwith, Christopher I. "The Revolt of 755 in Tibet," in Proceedings of the Csoma de Körös Memorial Symposium, Held at Velm-Vienna, Austria, 13-19 September 1981, Ernst Steinkellner and Helmut Tauscher (ed.). vol. 1. Wien: Arbeitkreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien, 1983, 1-16.

_______. The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs and Chinese during the Early Middle Ages. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.

_______. "The Tibetan Empire in the West," in Tibetan Studies in Honour of Hugh Richardson, Proceedings of the International Seminar on Tibetan Studies, Oxford 1979, Michael Aris and Aung San Suu Kyi (ed.). Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1980, 30-38.

_______. "The Tibetans in the Ordos and North China: Consideration on the Role of the Tibetan Empire in World History" in Silver on Lapis: Tibetan Literary Culture and History, Christopher I. Beckwith (ed.). Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1987, 3-11.

Bell, W. "Two Aspects of Iranian Buddhism," Bulletin of the Asia Institute of Pahlavi University, Shiraz, vol. 1, nos. 1-4 (1976), 103-163.

Bellow, Henry Walter. "History of Kashgar" in Report on a Mission to Yarkand in 1873 under Command of Sir T. D. Forsyth, with Historical and Geographic Information regarding the Possessions of the Ameer of Yarkand, Thomas Douglas Forsyth. Calcutta, 1875, 106-213.

Bhattacarya, N. N. "India’s Contribution to Islamic Thought and Culture" in India’s Contribution to World Thought and Culture, Lokesh Chandra, et al. (eds.). Madras: Vivekananda Rock Memorial Committee, 1970, 573-578.

Bongard-Levin, G. M. "India and Central Asia: Historical Cultural Contacts in Ancient Times," in Central Asia, Movement of Peoples and Ideas from Times Prehistoric to Modern, Amalendu Guha (ed.). Delhi: Indian Council for Cultural Relations, 1970, 97-109.

Boyce, M. A History of Zoroastrianism, vol. 1. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975.

_______. Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practice. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979.

Boyle, J. A. "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-Khans" in The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 5: The Seljuk and Mongol Periods, J. A. Boyle (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958, 340-355.

Brough, John. "Comments on Third Century Shanshan and the History of Buddhism," Bulletin of the School of African and Oriental Studies, vol. 28 (1965), 582-612.

_______. "Legends of Khotan and Nepal," Bulletin of the School of African and Oriental Studies, vol. 12 (1948), 333-339.

Broughton, Jeffrey. "Early Ch’an Schools in Tibet" in Studies in Ch’an and Hua-yen, R. M. Gimello and P. N. Gregory (eds.). (Studies in East Asian Buddhism, no. 1). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1983, 1-68.

Buraev, D. I. "K Istorii Izucheniya Religii Bon" in Istochnikovedenie i Istoriografia Istorii Buddizma: Stratny Tsentralnoi Azii, R. E. Pubaev (ed.). Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1986, 45-58.

Butt, Masood. "Muslims of Tibet," Tibetan Bulletin, (January-February 1994), 8-9, 16.

Chaudhary, R. The University of Vikramasila. Patna: Bihar Research Society, 1975.

Chaudhury, Binayendra Nath. Buddhist Centres in Ancient India. (Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series, no. 70). Calcutta: Sanskrit College, 1982.

Ch’en, Kenneth K. S. "On Some Factors Responsible for the Anti-Buddhist Persecution under the Pei-Ch’ao," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, vol. 17, nos. 1-2 (June 1954), 261-273.

Cleary, Thomas. "Buddhism and Islam," Transactions of the International Conference of Orientalists in Japan, vol. 27 (1982), 31-38.

Cowell, Edward B. (ed.). The Jataka or Stories of the Buddha’s Former Births, Translated from the Pali by Various Hands, 6 vols., vol. 3. New Delhi: Cosmo, 1979; 1st edition: 1901.

Cutler, Nathan S. "The Early Rulers of Tibet: Their Lineage and Burial Rites," Tibet Journal, vol. 16, no. 3 (Autumn 1991), 28-51.

Czegledy, K. "The Foundation of the Turfan Uighur Kingdom" in Tibetan and Buddhist Studies Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Alexander Csoma de Körös, Louis Ligeti (ed.), vol. 1. (Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica, vol. 28). Budapest: Akademiai Kiadö, 1984, 159-163.

Dargyay, Eva K. "Sangha and State in Imperial Tibet" in Tibetan History and Language: Studies Dedicated to Uray Géza on His Seventieth Birthday, Ernst Steinkellner (ed.). (Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde, vol. 26). Wien: Arbeitkreis für tibetische und buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien, 1991, 111-127.

Darian, Steven. "Buddhism in Bihar from the Eighth to the Twelfth Century with Special Reference to Nalanda," Asiatische Studien, vol. 25 (1971), 335-352.

de Hartog, Leo. Genghis Khan: Conqueror of the World. London: I. B. Tauris & Co., 1989.

Demiéville, Paul. Le concile de Lhasa, Une controverse sur la quiétisme entre bouddhistes de l’Inde et de la Chine au VIIIe siècle de l’ère chrétienne. (Bibliotheque de l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, no. 7). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale de France, 1952.

_______. "Récents Travaux sur Touen-Houang," T’oung-pao, vol. 56, nos. 1-3 (1970), 1-95.

de Rachewiltz, Igor. "Turks in China under the Mongols: A Preliminary Investigation of Turco-Mongol Relations in the 13th and 14th Centuries" in China among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th – 14th Centuries, Morris Rossabi (ed.). Berekeley: University of California Press, 1983, 281-310.

Dev, Arjun. "India in the Eyes of Early Muslim Scholars" in India’s Contribution to World Thought and Culture, Lokesh Chandra, et al. (eds.). Madras: Vivekananda Rock Memorial Committee, 1970, 589-596.

Dikshit, K. N. "Buddhist Centres in Afghanistan" in India’s Contribution to World Thought and Culture, Lokesh Chandra, et al. (eds.). Madras: Vivekananda Rock Memorial Committee, 1970, 229-238.

Dollfus, Pascale. "The History of Muslim Ladakh." Tibet Journal, vol. 20, no. 3 (Autumn 1995), 35-58.

Dunnell, Ruth W. "Who Are the Tanguts? Remarks on Tangut Ethnogenesis and the Ethnonym Tangut," Journal of Asian History, vol. 18, no. 2 (1984), 78-89.

Dutt, Nalinaksha. "Buddhism in Nepal." Bulletin of Tibetology, vol. 3, no. 2 (July 1966), 27-45.

_______. Gilgit Manuscripts, vol. 1. (Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica, no. 14). Delhi: Sri Satguru, 1984; 1st edition: Shrinagar, 1939.

Dutt, Sukumar. Buddhist Monks and Monasteries in India: Their History and Their Contribution to Indian Culture. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1962.

Ecsedy, Ildiko. "A Contribution to the History of Karluks in the T’ang Period," Acta Orientalia, vol. 34 (1980), 23-37.

_______. "Uigurs and Tibetans in Pei-t’ing (790 – 791 A.D.)," Acta Orientalia, vol. 17, part 1 (1964), 83-104.

Eimer, Helmut. "Eine frühe Quelle zur literarischen Tradition über die ‘Debatte von bSam yas’" in Tibetan History and Language: Studies Dedicated to Uray Géza on His Seventieth Birthday, Ernst Steinkellner (ed.). (Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde, vol. 26). Wien: Arbeitkreis für tibetische und buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien, 1991, 163-172.

Eimer, Helmut. "Die Gar log-Episode bei Padma dkar po und ihre Quellen," Orientalia Suecana, vol. 23-24 (1974-1975), 182-199.

Eliot, Sir Charles. Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, vol. 3. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1921.

Enoki, K. "The Origins of the White Huns or Hephthalites," East and West, vol. 6, no. 3 (October 1955), 231-237.

Emmerick, R. E. "Buddhism in Central Asia" in The Encyclopedia of Religion, Mircea Eliade (ed.), vol. 2. New York: Macmillan, 1987, 400-404.

_______. "Buddhism among Iranian Peoples" in The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3.2: The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods, Ehsan Yarshater (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, 949-964.

_______. A Guide to the Literature of Khotan. (Studia Philologica Buddhica Occasional Paper Series, no. 3). Tokyo: The Reiyukai Library, 1979.

_______. The Khotanese Suragamasamadhisutra. (London Oriental Series, no. 23). London: Oxford University Press, 1970.

_______. "Some Remarks on Translation Techniques of the Khotanese" in Sprachen des Buddhismus in Zentralasien: Vorträge des Hamburger Symposiums von 2. Juli bis 5 Juli 1981, Klaus Röhrborn and Wolfgang Veenker (eds.). (Veröffentlichen der Societas Uralo-Altaica, vol. 16). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassawitz, 1983, 17-26.

_______. "Tibetan Loanwords in Khotanese and Khotanese Loanwords in Tibetan" in Orientalia Iosephi Tucci Memoriae Dicata, G. Gnoli and L. Lanciotti, (ed.), vol. 1. (Serie Orientale Roma, vol. 56, part 1). Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1985, 301-317.

_______. Tibetan Texts Concerning Khotan. (London Oriental Series, vol. 19). London: Oxford University Press, 1967.

Fang, Jiangchang. "Research on the Huis and their Mosques in Tibet – and the Spread and Influence of Islam in Tibet," Tibet Studies, vol. 2 (1989), 202-222.

Fletcher, Joseph F. "China and Central Asia, 1368-1884" in The Chinese World Order, John F. Fairbank (ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968, 207-224.

_______. "Confrontation between Muslim Missionaries and Nomad Unbelievers in the Late Sixteenth Century" in Tractata Altaica: Denis Sino sexagenario optime de rebus altaicus merito dedicata, Walther Heissig et alia (eds.). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1976, 167-174.

_______. "The Mongols: Ecological and Social Perspectives," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, vol. 46, no. 1 (June 1986), 11-50.

Franke, Herbert. "Chinese Texts on the Jurchen: A Translation of the Jurchen Monograph in the San-ch’ao Pei-meng Hui-pien," Zentralasiatische Studien, vol. 9 (1975), 119-186.

_______. "The Forest Peoples of Manchuria: Kitans and Jurchens" in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Denis Sinor (ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 400-423.

_______. "Some Remarks on the Interpretation of Chinese Dynastic Histories," Oriens, vol. 3, no. 1 (1950), 113-122.

Ganhar, J. N. and Ganhar, P. N. Buddhism in Kashmir and Ladakh. New Delhi: Shri Prem Nath Ganhar, 1956.

Ghafur, Muhammad Abdul. "Two Lost Inscriptions Relating to the Arab Conquest of Kabul and the North West Region of West Pakistan," Ancient Pakistan, vol. 2 (1965-1966), 4-12.

Gibb, H. A. R. The Arab Conquest Asia. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1923.

Gimaret, Daniel. "Bouddha et les bouddhists dans la tradition musulman," Journal Asiatique, vol. 257, nos. 3 & 4 (1969), 273-316.

Gladney, Dru. Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the Peoples’ Republic. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991.

Gokhale, Balkrishna Govind. "Early Buddhism and the Brahmanas" in Studies in the History of Buddhism, Papers Presented at the International Conference on the History of Buddhism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WIS, USA, August 19-21, 1976, A. K. Narain (ed.). Delhi: B. R. Publishing, 1980, 67-80.

Golden, Peter. "The Karakhanids and Early Islam" in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Denis Sinor (ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 343-370.

Goryacheva, V. D. Gorod Zolotogo Verblyuda (Krasnorechenskoe Gorodishche). Frunze: Akademiya Nauk Kirgizskoi SSR, Institut Istorii Izdatel’stvo Ilim, 1988.

Grist, Nicola. "Muslims of Western Ladakh," Tibet Journal, vol. 20, no. 3 (Autumn 1995), 59-70.

Haloun, W. and Henning, W. (transl.). "The Compendium of the Doctrines and Styles of the Teachings of Mani, the Buddha of Light," Asia Major, vol. 3 (1952), 184-212.

Hambli, Gavin et alia. Central Asia. (The Weidenfeld and Nicolson Universal History, no. 16). London: George Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969.

Hamilton, J. R. "Les regnes khotanais entre 851 et 1001" in Contributions aux études sur Touen-houang, Michel Soymié (ed.). Genève-Paris: Droz, 1979, 49-54.

Hinüber, Oskar. "Sanskrit und Gandhari in Zentralasien" in Sprachen des Buddhismus in Zentralasien: Vorträge des Hamburger Symposions von 2. Juli bis 5 Juli 1981, Klaus Röhrborn and Wolfgang Veenker (eds.). (Veröffentlichen der Societas Uralo-Altaica, vol. 16). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassawitz, 1983, 27-34.

Hirakawa, Akira. A History of Indian Buddhism, from Sakyamuni to Early Mahayana. (Asian Studies at Hawaii, no. 36). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990.

Hodgson, Marshall G. S. The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, 3 vols. (vol 1: The Classical Age of Islam; vol. 2: The Expansion of Islam in the Middle Periods). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.

Hoernle, A. F. Rudolf. Manuscript Remains of Buddhist Literature Found in Eastern Turkestan, vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1916.

Hoffmann, Helmut. "An Account of the Bon Religion in Gilgit," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 13, no. 2 (1969), 137-145.

_______. "Kalacakra Studies I: Manichaeism, Christianity and Islam in the Kalacakra Tantra," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 13, no. 1 (1969), 52-73. "Kalacakra Studies I: Addenda et Corrigenda," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 15, no. 4 (1972), 298-301.

_______. "Manichaeism and Islam in the Buddhist Kalacakra System," in Proceedings of the IXth International Congress of the History of Religions 1958. Tokyo: 1960, 96-99.

_______. "Die Qarluq in der tibetischen Literatur," Oriens, vol. 3 (1950), 190-208.

_______. "Tibetan Historiography and the Approach of the Tibetans to History," Journal of Asian History, vol. 4, no. 2 (1970), 169-177.

Hookham, Hilda. Tamburlaine the Conqueror. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1962.

Horrie, Chris and Chippendale, Peter. What is Islam? London: Virgin Books, 1990.

Houston, Gary W. "An Overview of Nestorians in Inner Asia," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 24, nos 1-2 (1980), 60-68.

_______. "The Bsam Yas Debate According to the Rgyal Rabs Gsal Ba’i Me Long," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 18, no. 4 (1974), 210-216.

_______. Sources for a History of the bSam yas Debate. (Monumenta Tibetica Historica, Ab. 1, Bd. 2). Sankt Augustin: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag, 1980.

Isenbike, Togan-Aricanli. "Differences in Ideology and Practice: The Case of the Black and White Mountain Factions" in The Legacy of Islam in China: An International Symposium in Memory of Joseph F. Fletcher, April 14-16, 1989. Unpublished manuscript, John King Fairbank Center, Harvard University, 642-672.

_______. "Islam in a Changing Society: The Khojas of Eastern Turkestan" in Muslims in Central Asia, Jo-Ann Gross (ed.). Durham: Duke University Press, 1992, 134-148.

Ishaq Khan, Muhammad. Kashmir’s Transition to Islam: The Role of the Muslim Rishis. New Delhi: Manohar, 1994.

Israeli, Raphael. Islam in China: A Critical Bibliography. (Bibliographies and Indexes in Religious Studies, no. 29). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1994.

I-tsing. A Record of the Buddhist Religion as Practiced in India and the Malay Archipelago, A.D. 671-695, J. Takakusu (transl.). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.

Imaeda, Yoshiro. "Documents tibétain de Touen-Houang concernant le concile du Tibet," Journal Asiatique, vol. 263, parts 1-2 (1975), 125-146.

Jagchid, Sechin. "Buddhism in Mongolia after the Collapse of the Yüan Dynasty," Bulletin of the Institute of China Border Area Studies, vol. 2 (July 1971), 44-60.

_______. "The Mongol Khans and Chinese Buddhism and Taoism," Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, vol. 2, no. 1 (1979), 7-28.

_______. "Objectives of Warfare in Inner Asia," Bulletin of the Institute of China Border Area Studies, vol. 4 (July 1973), 11-23.

_______. "Why the Mongolian Khans Adopted Tibetan Buddhism as Their Faith" in Proceedings of the Third East Asian Altaistic Conference, August 17-24, 1969, Taipei, Ch’e n Chieh-hsien and Sechin Jagchid (ed.). Tainan: Department of History, Ch’engkung University, 1970, 108-128.

Jagchid, Sechin and Symons, Van Jay. Peace, War and Trade Along the Great Wall: Nomadic-Chinese Interaction through Two Millennia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.

Jahn, K. "Kamalashri-Rasid-al-Din’s ‘Life and Teaching of Buddha’, A Source for the Buddhism of the Mongol Period," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 2, no. 2 (1956), 81-128.

Jaini, Padmanabh S. "The Disappearance of Buddhism and the Survival of Jainism: A Study in Contrast" in Studies in the History of Buddhism, Papers Presented at the International Conference on the History of Buddhism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WIS, USA, August 19-21, 1976, A. K. Narain (ed.). Delhi: B. R. Publishing, 1980, 81-91.

_______. "Jina Rsabha as an Avatara of Visnu," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 40, no. 2 (1977), 321-337.

Kara, György, "L’ancien ouigour dans le lexique mongol," Journal Asiatique, vol. 269 (1981), 317-324.

_______. "Sino-uigurische Worterklärungen" in Sprachen des Buddhismus in Zentralasien: Vorträge des Hamburger Symposions von 2. Juli bis 5 Juli 1981, Klaus Röhrborn and Wolfgang Veenker (eds.). (Veröffentlichen der Societas Uralo-Altaica, vol. 16). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassawitz, 1983, 44-52.

_______. "Uighuro-Tibetica," in Proceedings of the Csoma de Körös Memorial Symposium, Held at Matrafüred, Hungary, 1976, Louis Ligeti (ed.). Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1978, 161-167.

Kara, György and Zieme, Peter. Fragmente tantrischer Werke in uighurischer Übersetzung. (Schriften zur Geschichte und Kultur des Alten Orients Berliner Turfantexte, vol. 7). Berlin, Akademie-Verlag, 1976.

Karmay, Samten Gyaltsen. A General Introduction to the History and Doctrine of Bon. (Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko, no. 33). Tokyo: Toyo Bunko, 1975.

_______. "Gesar: The Epic Tradition of the Tibetan People," Bulletin of the Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies, Harvard University, vol. 2, no. 3 (1992), 25-30.

_______. The Great Perfection (rDzogs-chen), A Philosophical and Meditative Teaching in Tibetan Buddhism. Leiden: E .J. Brill, 1988.

_______. "An Open Letter by Zhi-ba-’od to the Buddhists of Tibet," Tibet Journal, vol. 5, no. 3 (Autumn 1980), 3-28.

_______. "The Ordinance of Lha Bla-ma Ye-shes-’od" in Tibetan Studies in Honour of Hugh Richardson, Proceedings of the International Seminar on Tibetan Studies, Oxford 1979, Michael Aris and Aung San Suu Kyi (eds.). Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1980, 150-162.

_______. "Political Aspects of the Snga-dar, the First Diffusion of Buddhism in Tibet," Bulletin of the Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies, Harvard University, vol. 2, no. 3 (1992), 3-10.

Khoshelenko, G. "The Beginning of Buddhism in Margiana," Acta Antiqua, vol. 14, parts 1-2 (1966), 175-183.

Khosla, Sarla. History of Buddhism in Kashmir. New Delhi: Sagar Publications, 1972.

Kim, Ho-dong. "Nomads and Saints in 14th-16th Century Chinese Turkestan" in The Legacy of Islam in China: An International Symposium in Memory of Joseph F. Fletcher, April 14-16, 1989. Unpublished manuscript, John King Fairbank Center, Harvard University, 673-732.

Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. "Buddhistische Übernahmen im iranischen und türkischen Manichäismus" in Synkretismus in den Religionen Zentralasiens, Walther Heissig and Hans-Joachim Klimkeit (eds.). (Studies in Oriental Religions, vol. 13). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1987, 58-75.

_______. "Das manichäische Königtum in Zentralasien" in Documenta Barbarorum: Festschrift für Walther Heissig zum 70. Geburtstag, Klaus Sagaster and Michael Weiers (eds.). (Veröffentlichen der Societas Uralo-Altaica, vol. 18). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1983, 225-244.

_______. "Manichäische und buddhistische Berichtformeln aus Turfan," Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte, vol. 29, no. 3 (1977), 193-228.

_______. "Vairocana und das Lichtkreuz, Manichäische Elemente in der Kunst von Alchi (West Tibet)," Zentralasiatische Studien, vol. 13 (1979), 357-399.

Kljatormyj, Sergej G. and Livic, Vladimir A. "The Sogdian Inscription of Bugut Revised," Acta Orientalia, vol. 26, fasc. 1 (1972), 69-102.

Kulke, Hermann. "Geschichtsschreibung und Geschichtsbild im hinduistischen Mittelalter," Saeculum, vol. 30 (1979), 100-112.

Kuwayama, Shoshin. "The Turki Sahis and Relevant Brahmanical Sculptures in Afghanistan," East and West, vol. 26, nos. 3-4 (September – December 1976), 375-408.

Kuznetsov, B.I. "The Highest Deities of the Tibetan Bon Religion," Tibet Journal, vol. 6, no. 2 (Summer 1981), 47-53.

_______. "Influence of the Pamirs on Tibetan Culture," Tibet Journal, vol. 3, no. 3 (Autumn 1978), 35-37.

Kuznetsov, B. I. and Zelinski, A. N. "O Nekotorikh Buddiyskikh Pamyatnikakh Kyrgiziy," in Materialy po Istorii i Filologii Tsentralnoi Azii, no. 3. Ulan Ude: Nauka, 1968, 118-131.

Kvaerne, Per. "Aspects of the Origin of the Buddhist Tradition in Tibet," Numen, vol. 19 (1972), 22-40.

_______. "The Canon of the Tibetan Bonpos," Indo-Iranian Journal, vol. 16 (1974), 18-56, 96-144.

_______. "Dualism in Tibetan Cosmogonic Myths and the Question of Iranian Influence" in Silver on Lapis: Tibetan Literary Culture and History, Christopher I. Beckwith (ed.). Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1987, 163-174.

_______. "Mongols and Khitans in a 14th-Century Tibetan Bonpo Text, Acta Orientalia, vol. 34, nos. 1-3 (1980), 85-104.

Kwanten, Luc. A History of Central Asia, 500-1500. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979.

_______. Tibetan-Mongol Relations during the Yüan Dynasty, 1207-1368. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of South Carolina, 1972.

Kycanov, Evgeniy I. "Buddhism and State in Hsi Hsia from Juridical Aspect," Acta Orientalia, vol. 34, fasc. 1-3 (1980), 105-111.

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