Buddhist-Muslim Interaction: Bibliography

Aalto, Pentti. "On the Role of Central Asia in the Spread of Indian Cultural Influence" in India’s Contribution to World Thought and Culture, Lokesh Chandra, et al. (eds.). Madras: Vivekananda Rock Memorial Committee, 1970, 249-262.

Ahmad, Aziz. "Conversions to Islam in the Valley of Kashmir," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 23 (1979), 5-10.

al-Beruni, Abu Raihan. Al Beruni’s India, E. Sachau (transl.). Delhi: S. Chand & Co., 1964; 1st edition: London, 1888.

Allsen, Thomas T. "The Yüan Dynasty and the Uighurs of Turfan in the 13th Century" in China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th – 14th Centuries, Morris Rossabi (ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983, 243-280.

Alptekin, Erkin. "The Uighurs," Common Voice: Journal of the Allied Committee of the Peoples of Eastern Turkestan, Mongolia, Manchuria and Tibet presently under China, vol. 2 (1992), 9-18.

Aris, Michael. Bhutan, The Early History of a Himalayan Kingdom. Ghaziabad: Vikas Publishing House, 1980.

Asmussen, Jes Peter. Manichaean Literature: Representative Texts Chiefly from Middle Persian and Parthian Writings. (Persian Heritage Series, no. 22). Delmar, New York: Scholars’ Facsimiles and Reprints, 1975.

_______. "The Sogdian and Uighur-Turkish Christian Literature in Central Asia before the Real Rise of Islam" in Indological and Buddhist Studies, Volume in Honour of Professor J. W. de Jong on His Sixtieth Birthday, L. A. Hercus, et. al. (ed.). (Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica, no. 27). Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1982, 11-29.

_______. Xuastvanift: Studies in Manichaeism. (Acta Theologica Danica, no. 7). Copenhagen: Prostant Afud Munksgaard, 1965.

Bailey, Harold Walter. The Culture of the Sakas in Ancient Iranian Khotan. (Columbia Lectures on Iranian Studies, no. 1). Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, 1982.

_______. "The Word ‘But’ in Iranian," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 6, part 2 (1931), 279-283.

Barthold, W. (Vasilii Vladimirovic). "Der iranische Buddhismus und sein Verhältnis zum Islam" in Oriental Studies in Honour of Curetji Erachji Pavry, Jal Dastur Curetji Pavry (ed.). London: Oxford University Press, 1933, 29-31.

_______. Zur Geschichte des Christentums in Mittelasien bis zur mongolischen Eroberung. Tübingen & Leipzig: J. C. B. Mohr, 1901.

Bartol’d, Vasilii Vladimirovich. Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasions, 1st ed., 1928; 4th ed. (E. W. Gibb Memorial Series, n. s.). Philadelphia: Porcupine Press, 1975.

Barua, Dipak Kumar. Viharas in Ancient India: A Survey of Buddhist Monasteries. Calcutta: Indian Publications, 1969.

Bausani, A. "Religion under the Mongols" in The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 5: The Seljuk and Mongol Periods, J. A. Boyle (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958, 538-549.

Beal, Samuel (transl.). Si-yu-ki, Buddhist Records of the Western World, translated from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang (A.D. 629). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1981; 1st edition: London, 1884.

Beckwith, Christopher I. "The Revolt of 755 in Tibet," in Proceedings of the Csoma de Körös Memorial Symposium, Held at Velm-Vienna, Austria, 13-19 September 1981, Ernst Steinkellner and Helmut Tauscher (ed.). vol. 1. Wien: Arbeitkreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien, 1983, 1-16.

_______. The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs and Chinese during the Early Middle Ages. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.

_______. "The Tibetan Empire in the West," in Tibetan Studies in Honour of Hugh Richardson, Proceedings of the International Seminar on Tibetan Studies, Oxford 1979, Michael Aris and Aung San Suu Kyi (ed.). Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1980, 30-38.

_______. "The Tibetans in the Ordos and North China: Consideration on the Role of the Tibetan Empire in World History" in Silver on Lapis: Tibetan Literary Culture and History, Christopher I. Beckwith (ed.). Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1987, 3-11.

Bell, W. "Two Aspects of Iranian Buddhism," Bulletin of the Asia Institute of Pahlavi University, Shiraz, vol. 1, nos. 1-4 (1976), 103-163.

Bellow, Henry Walter. "History of Kashgar" in Report on a Mission to Yarkand in 1873 under Command of Sir T. D. Forsyth, with Historical and Geographic Information regarding the Possessions of the Ameer of Yarkand, Thomas Douglas Forsyth. Calcutta, 1875, 106-213.

Bhattacarya, N. N. "India’s Contribution to Islamic Thought and Culture" in India’s Contribution to World Thought and Culture, Lokesh Chandra, et al. (eds.). Madras: Vivekananda Rock Memorial Committee, 1970, 573-578.

Bongard-Levin, G. M. "India and Central Asia: Historical Cultural Contacts in Ancient Times," in Central Asia, Movement of Peoples and Ideas from Times Prehistoric to Modern, Amalendu Guha (ed.). Delhi: Indian Council for Cultural Relations, 1970, 97-109.

Boyce, M. A History of Zoroastrianism, vol. 1. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975.

_______. Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practice. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979.

Boyle, J. A. "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-Khans" in The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 5: The Seljuk and Mongol Periods, J. A. Boyle (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958, 340-355.

Brough, John. "Comments on Third Century Shanshan and the History of Buddhism," Bulletin of the School of African and Oriental Studies, vol. 28 (1965), 582-612.

_______. "Legends of Khotan and Nepal," Bulletin of the School of African and Oriental Studies, vol. 12 (1948), 333-339.

Broughton, Jeffrey. "Early Ch’an Schools in Tibet" in Studies in Ch’an and Hua-yen, R. M. Gimello and P. N. Gregory (eds.). (Studies in East Asian Buddhism, no. 1). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1983, 1-68.

Buraev, D. I. "K Istorii Izucheniya Religii Bon" in Istochnikovedenie i Istoriografia Istorii Buddizma: Stratny Tsentralnoi Azii, R. E. Pubaev (ed.). Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1986, 45-58.

Butt, Masood. "Muslims of Tibet," Tibetan Bulletin, (January-February 1994), 8-9, 16.

Chaudhary, R. The University of Vikramasila. Patna: Bihar Research Society, 1975.

Chaudhury, Binayendra Nath. Buddhist Centres in Ancient India. (Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series, no. 70). Calcutta: Sanskrit College, 1982.

Ch’en, Kenneth K. S. "On Some Factors Responsible for the Anti-Buddhist Persecution under the Pei-Ch’ao," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, vol. 17, nos. 1-2 (June 1954), 261-273.

Cleary, Thomas. "Buddhism and Islam," Transactions of the International Conference of Orientalists in Japan, vol. 27 (1982), 31-38.

Cowell, Edward B. (ed.). The Jataka or Stories of the Buddha’s Former Births, Translated from the Pali by Various Hands, 6 vols., vol. 3. New Delhi: Cosmo, 1979; 1st edition: 1901.

Cutler, Nathan S. "The Early Rulers of Tibet: Their Lineage and Burial Rites," Tibet Journal, vol. 16, no. 3 (Autumn 1991), 28-51.

Czegledy, K. "The Foundation of the Turfan Uighur Kingdom" in Tibetan and Buddhist Studies Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Alexander Csoma de Körös, Louis Ligeti (ed.), vol. 1. (Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica, vol. 28). Budapest: Akademiai Kiadö, 1984, 159-163.

Dargyay, Eva K. "Sangha and State in Imperial Tibet" in Tibetan History and Language: Studies Dedicated to Uray Géza on His Seventieth Birthday, Ernst Steinkellner (ed.). (Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde, vol. 26). Wien: Arbeitkreis für tibetische und buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien, 1991, 111-127.

Darian, Steven. "Buddhism in Bihar from the Eighth to the Twelfth Century with Special Reference to Nalanda," Asiatische Studien, vol. 25 (1971), 335-352.

de Hartog, Leo. Genghis Khan: Conqueror of the World. London: I. B. Tauris & Co., 1989.

Demiéville, Paul. Le concile de Lhasa, Une controverse sur la quiétisme entre bouddhistes de l’Inde et de la Chine au VIIIe siècle de l’ère chrétienne. (Bibliotheque de l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, no. 7). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale de France, 1952.

_______. "Récents Travaux sur Touen-Houang," T’oung-pao, vol. 56, nos. 1-3 (1970), 1-95.

de Rachewiltz, Igor. "Turks in China under the Mongols: A Preliminary Investigation of Turco-Mongol Relations in the 13th and 14th Centuries" in China among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th – 14th Centuries, Morris Rossabi (ed.). Berekeley: University of California Press, 1983, 281-310.

Dev, Arjun. "India in the Eyes of Early Muslim Scholars" in India’s Contribution to World Thought and Culture, Lokesh Chandra, et al. (eds.). Madras: Vivekananda Rock Memorial Committee, 1970, 589-596.

Dikshit, K. N. "Buddhist Centres in Afghanistan" in India’s Contribution to World Thought and Culture, Lokesh Chandra, et al. (eds.). Madras: Vivekananda Rock Memorial Committee, 1970, 229-238.

Dollfus, Pascale. "The History of Muslim Ladakh." Tibet Journal, vol. 20, no. 3 (Autumn 1995), 35-58.

Dunnell, Ruth W. "Who Are the Tanguts? Remarks on Tangut Ethnogenesis and the Ethnonym Tangut," Journal of Asian History, vol. 18, no. 2 (1984), 78-89.

Dutt, Nalinaksha. "Buddhism in Nepal." Bulletin of Tibetology, vol. 3, no. 2 (July 1966), 27-45.

_______. Gilgit Manuscripts, vol. 1. (Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica, no. 14). Delhi: Sri Satguru, 1984; 1st edition: Shrinagar, 1939.

Dutt, Sukumar. Buddhist Monks and Monasteries in India: Their History and Their Contribution to Indian Culture. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1962.

Ecsedy, Ildiko. "A Contribution to the History of Karluks in the T’ang Period," Acta Orientalia, vol. 34 (1980), 23-37.

_______. "Uigurs and Tibetans in Pei-t’ing (790 – 791 A.D.)," Acta Orientalia, vol. 17, part 1 (1964), 83-104.

Eimer, Helmut. "Eine frühe Quelle zur literarischen Tradition über die ‘Debatte von bSam yas’" in Tibetan History and Language: Studies Dedicated to Uray Géza on His Seventieth Birthday, Ernst Steinkellner (ed.). (Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde, vol. 26). Wien: Arbeitkreis für tibetische und buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien, 1991, 163-172.

Eimer, Helmut. "Die Gar log-Episode bei Padma dkar po und ihre Quellen," Orientalia Suecana, vol. 23-24 (1974-1975), 182-199.

Eliot, Sir Charles. Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, vol. 3. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1921.

Enoki, K. "The Origins of the White Huns or Hephthalites," East and West, vol. 6, no. 3 (October 1955), 231-237.

Emmerick, R. E. "Buddhism in Central Asia" in The Encyclopedia of Religion, Mircea Eliade (ed.), vol. 2. New York: Macmillan, 1987, 400-404.

_______. "Buddhism among Iranian Peoples" in The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3.2: The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods, Ehsan Yarshater (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, 949-964.

_______. A Guide to the Literature of Khotan. (Studia Philologica Buddhica Occasional Paper Series, no. 3). Tokyo: The Reiyukai Library, 1979.

_______. The Khotanese Suragamasamadhisutra. (London Oriental Series, no. 23). London: Oxford University Press, 1970.

_______. "Some Remarks on Translation Techniques of the Khotanese" in Sprachen des Buddhismus in Zentralasien: Vorträge des Hamburger Symposiums von 2. Juli bis 5 Juli 1981, Klaus Röhrborn and Wolfgang Veenker (eds.). (Veröffentlichen der Societas Uralo-Altaica, vol. 16). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassawitz, 1983, 17-26.

_______. "Tibetan Loanwords in Khotanese and Khotanese Loanwords in Tibetan" in Orientalia Iosephi Tucci Memoriae Dicata, G. Gnoli and L. Lanciotti, (ed.), vol. 1. (Serie Orientale Roma, vol. 56, part 1). Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1985, 301-317.

_______. Tibetan Texts Concerning Khotan. (London Oriental Series, vol. 19). London: Oxford University Press, 1967.

Fang, Jiangchang. "Research on the Huis and their Mosques in Tibet – and the Spread and Influence of Islam in Tibet," Tibet Studies, vol. 2 (1989), 202-222.

Fletcher, Joseph F. "China and Central Asia, 1368-1884" in The Chinese World Order, John F. Fairbank (ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968, 207-224.

_______. "Confrontation between Muslim Missionaries and Nomad Unbelievers in the Late Sixteenth Century" in Tractata Altaica: Denis Sino sexagenario optime de rebus altaicus merito dedicata, Walther Heissig et alia (eds.). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1976, 167-174.

_______. "The Mongols: Ecological and Social Perspectives," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, vol. 46, no. 1 (June 1986), 11-50.

Franke, Herbert. "Chinese Texts on the Jurchen: A Translation of the Jurchen Monograph in the San-ch’ao Pei-meng Hui-pien," Zentralasiatische Studien, vol. 9 (1975), 119-186.

_______. "The Forest Peoples of Manchuria: Kitans and Jurchens" in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Denis Sinor (ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 400-423.

_______. "Some Remarks on the Interpretation of Chinese Dynastic Histories," Oriens, vol. 3, no. 1 (1950), 113-122.

Ganhar, J. N. and Ganhar, P. N. Buddhism in Kashmir and Ladakh. New Delhi: Shri Prem Nath Ganhar, 1956.

Ghafur, Muhammad Abdul. "Two Lost Inscriptions Relating to the Arab Conquest of Kabul and the North West Region of West Pakistan," Ancient Pakistan, vol. 2 (1965-1966), 4-12.

Gibb, H. A. R. The Arab Conquest Asia. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1923.

Gimaret, Daniel. "Bouddha et les bouddhists dans la tradition musulman," Journal Asiatique, vol. 257, nos. 3 & 4 (1969), 273-316.

Gladney, Dru. Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the Peoples’ Republic. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991.

Gokhale, Balkrishna Govind. "Early Buddhism and the Brahmanas" in Studies in the History of Buddhism, Papers Presented at the International Conference on the History of Buddhism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WIS, USA, August 19-21, 1976, A. K. Narain (ed.). Delhi: B. R. Publishing, 1980, 67-80.

Golden, Peter. "The Karakhanids and Early Islam" in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Denis Sinor (ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 343-370.

Goryacheva, V. D. Gorod Zolotogo Verblyuda (Krasnorechenskoe Gorodishche). Frunze: Akademiya Nauk Kirgizskoi SSR, Institut Istorii Izdatel’stvo Ilim, 1988.

Grist, Nicola. "Muslims of Western Ladakh," Tibet Journal, vol. 20, no. 3 (Autumn 1995), 59-70.

Haloun, W. and Henning, W. (transl.). "The Compendium of the Doctrines and Styles of the Teachings of Mani, the Buddha of Light," Asia Major, vol. 3 (1952), 184-212.

Hambli, Gavin et alia. Central Asia. (The Weidenfeld and Nicolson Universal History, no. 16). London: George Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969.

Hamilton, J. R. "Les regnes khotanais entre 851 et 1001" in Contributions aux études sur Touen-houang, Michel Soymié (ed.). Genève-Paris: Droz, 1979, 49-54.

Hinüber, Oskar. "Sanskrit und Gandhari in Zentralasien" in Sprachen des Buddhismus in Zentralasien: Vorträge des Hamburger Symposions von 2. Juli bis 5 Juli 1981, Klaus Röhrborn and Wolfgang Veenker (eds.). (Veröffentlichen der Societas Uralo-Altaica, vol. 16). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassawitz, 1983, 27-34.

Hirakawa, Akira. A History of Indian Buddhism, from Sakyamuni to Early Mahayana. (Asian Studies at Hawaii, no. 36). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990.

Hodgson, Marshall G. S. The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, 3 vols. (vol 1: The Classical Age of Islam; vol. 2: The Expansion of Islam in the Middle Periods). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.

Hoernle, A. F. Rudolf. Manuscript Remains of Buddhist Literature Found in Eastern Turkestan, vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1916.

Hoffmann, Helmut. "An Account of the Bon Religion in Gilgit," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 13, no. 2 (1969), 137-145.

_______. "Kalacakra Studies I: Manichaeism, Christianity and Islam in the Kalacakra Tantra," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 13, no. 1 (1969), 52-73. "Kalacakra Studies I: Addenda et Corrigenda," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 15, no. 4 (1972), 298-301.

_______. "Manichaeism and Islam in the Buddhist Kalacakra System," in Proceedings of the IXth International Congress of the History of Religions 1958. Tokyo: 1960, 96-99.

_______. "Die Qarluq in der tibetischen Literatur," Oriens, vol. 3 (1950), 190-208.

_______. "Tibetan Historiography and the Approach of the Tibetans to History," Journal of Asian History, vol. 4, no. 2 (1970), 169-177.

Hookham, Hilda. Tamburlaine the Conqueror. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1962.

Horrie, Chris and Chippendale, Peter. What is Islam? London: Virgin Books, 1990.

Houston, Gary W. "An Overview of Nestorians in Inner Asia," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 24, nos 1-2 (1980), 60-68.

_______. "The Bsam Yas Debate According to the Rgyal Rabs Gsal Ba’i Me Long," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 18, no. 4 (1974), 210-216.

_______. Sources for a History of the bSam yas Debate. (Monumenta Tibetica Historica, Ab. 1, Bd. 2). Sankt Augustin: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag, 1980.

Isenbike, Togan-Aricanli. "Differences in Ideology and Practice: The Case of the Black and White Mountain Factions" in The Legacy of Islam in China: An International Symposium in Memory of Joseph F. Fletcher, April 14-16, 1989. Unpublished manuscript, John King Fairbank Center, Harvard University, 642-672.

_______. "Islam in a Changing Society: The Khojas of Eastern Turkestan" in Muslims in Central Asia, Jo-Ann Gross (ed.). Durham: Duke University Press, 1992, 134-148.

Ishaq Khan, Muhammad. Kashmir’s Transition to Islam: The Role of the Muslim Rishis. New Delhi: Manohar, 1994.

Israeli, Raphael. Islam in China: A Critical Bibliography. (Bibliographies and Indexes in Religious Studies, no. 29). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1994.

I-tsing. A Record of the Buddhist Religion as Practiced in India and the Malay Archipelago, A.D. 671-695, J. Takakusu (transl.). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.

Imaeda, Yoshiro. "Documents tibétain de Touen-Houang concernant le concile du Tibet," Journal Asiatique, vol. 263, parts 1-2 (1975), 125-146.

Jagchid, Sechin. "Buddhism in Mongolia after the Collapse of the Yüan Dynasty," Bulletin of the Institute of China Border Area Studies, vol. 2 (July 1971), 44-60.

_______. "The Mongol Khans and Chinese Buddhism and Taoism," Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, vol. 2, no. 1 (1979), 7-28.

_______. "Objectives of Warfare in Inner Asia," Bulletin of the Institute of China Border Area Studies, vol. 4 (July 1973), 11-23.

_______. "Why the Mongolian Khans Adopted Tibetan Buddhism as Their Faith" in Proceedings of the Third East Asian Altaistic Conference, August 17-24, 1969, Taipei, Ch’e n Chieh-hsien and Sechin Jagchid (ed.). Tainan: Department of History, Ch’engkung University, 1970, 108-128.

Jagchid, Sechin and Symons, Van Jay. Peace, War and Trade Along the Great Wall: Nomadic-Chinese Interaction through Two Millennia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.

Jahn, K. "Kamalashri-Rasid-al-Din’s ‘Life and Teaching of Buddha’, A Source for the Buddhism of the Mongol Period," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 2, no. 2 (1956), 81-128.

Jaini, Padmanabh S. "The Disappearance of Buddhism and the Survival of Jainism: A Study in Contrast" in Studies in the History of Buddhism, Papers Presented at the International Conference on the History of Buddhism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WIS, USA, August 19-21, 1976, A. K. Narain (ed.). Delhi: B. R. Publishing, 1980, 81-91.

_______. "Jina Rsabha as an Avatara of Visnu," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 40, no. 2 (1977), 321-337.

Kara, György, "L’ancien ouigour dans le lexique mongol," Journal Asiatique, vol. 269 (1981), 317-324.

_______. "Sino-uigurische Worterklärungen" in Sprachen des Buddhismus in Zentralasien: Vorträge des Hamburger Symposions von 2. Juli bis 5 Juli 1981, Klaus Röhrborn and Wolfgang Veenker (eds.). (Veröffentlichen der Societas Uralo-Altaica, vol. 16). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassawitz, 1983, 44-52.

_______. "Uighuro-Tibetica," in Proceedings of the Csoma de Körös Memorial Symposium, Held at Matrafüred, Hungary, 1976, Louis Ligeti (ed.). Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1978, 161-167.

Kara, György and Zieme, Peter. Fragmente tantrischer Werke in uighurischer Übersetzung. (Schriften zur Geschichte und Kultur des Alten Orients Berliner Turfantexte, vol. 7). Berlin, Akademie-Verlag, 1976.

Karmay, Samten Gyaltsen. A General Introduction to the History and Doctrine of Bon. (Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko, no. 33). Tokyo: Toyo Bunko, 1975.

_______. "Gesar: The Epic Tradition of the Tibetan People," Bulletin of the Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies, Harvard University, vol. 2, no. 3 (1992), 25-30.

_______. The Great Perfection (rDzogs-chen), A Philosophical and Meditative Teaching in Tibetan Buddhism. Leiden: E .J. Brill, 1988.

_______. "An Open Letter by Zhi-ba-’od to the Buddhists of Tibet," Tibet Journal, vol. 5, no. 3 (Autumn 1980), 3-28.

_______. "The Ordinance of Lha Bla-ma Ye-shes-’od" in Tibetan Studies in Honour of Hugh Richardson, Proceedings of the International Seminar on Tibetan Studies, Oxford 1979, Michael Aris and Aung San Suu Kyi (eds.). Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1980, 150-162.

_______. "Political Aspects of the Snga-dar, the First Diffusion of Buddhism in Tibet," Bulletin of the Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies, Harvard University, vol. 2, no. 3 (1992), 3-10.

Khoshelenko, G. "The Beginning of Buddhism in Margiana," Acta Antiqua, vol. 14, parts 1-2 (1966), 175-183.

Khosla, Sarla. History of Buddhism in Kashmir. New Delhi: Sagar Publications, 1972.

Kim, Ho-dong. "Nomads and Saints in 14th-16th Century Chinese Turkestan" in The Legacy of Islam in China: An International Symposium in Memory of Joseph F. Fletcher, April 14-16, 1989. Unpublished manuscript, John King Fairbank Center, Harvard University, 673-732.

Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. "Buddhistische Übernahmen im iranischen und türkischen Manichäismus" in Synkretismus in den Religionen Zentralasiens, Walther Heissig and Hans-Joachim Klimkeit (eds.). (Studies in Oriental Religions, vol. 13). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1987, 58-75.

_______. "Das manichäische Königtum in Zentralasien" in Documenta Barbarorum: Festschrift für Walther Heissig zum 70. Geburtstag, Klaus Sagaster and Michael Weiers (eds.). (Veröffentlichen der Societas Uralo-Altaica, vol. 18). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1983, 225-244.

_______. "Manichäische und buddhistische Berichtformeln aus Turfan," Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte, vol. 29, no. 3 (1977), 193-228.

_______. "Vairocana und das Lichtkreuz, Manichäische Elemente in der Kunst von Alchi (West Tibet)," Zentralasiatische Studien, vol. 13 (1979), 357-399.

Kljatormyj, Sergej G. and Livic, Vladimir A. "The Sogdian Inscription of Bugut Revised," Acta Orientalia, vol. 26, fasc. 1 (1972), 69-102.

Kulke, Hermann. "Geschichtsschreibung und Geschichtsbild im hinduistischen Mittelalter," Saeculum, vol. 30 (1979), 100-112.

Kuwayama, Shoshin. "The Turki Sahis and Relevant Brahmanical Sculptures in Afghanistan," East and West, vol. 26, nos. 3-4 (September – December 1976), 375-408.

Kuznetsov, B.I. "The Highest Deities of the Tibetan Bon Religion," Tibet Journal, vol. 6, no. 2 (Summer 1981), 47-53.

_______. "Influence of the Pamirs on Tibetan Culture," Tibet Journal, vol. 3, no. 3 (Autumn 1978), 35-37.

Kuznetsov, B. I. and Zelinski, A. N. "O Nekotorikh Buddiyskikh Pamyatnikakh Kyrgiziy," in Materialy po Istorii i Filologii Tsentralnoi Azii, no. 3. Ulan Ude: Nauka, 1968, 118-131.

Kvaerne, Per. "Aspects of the Origin of the Buddhist Tradition in Tibet," Numen, vol. 19 (1972), 22-40.

_______. "The Canon of the Tibetan Bonpos," Indo-Iranian Journal, vol. 16 (1974), 18-56, 96-144.

_______. "Dualism in Tibetan Cosmogonic Myths and the Question of Iranian Influence" in Silver on Lapis: Tibetan Literary Culture and History, Christopher I. Beckwith (ed.). Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1987, 163-174.

_______. "Mongols and Khitans in a 14th-Century Tibetan Bonpo Text, Acta Orientalia, vol. 34, nos. 1-3 (1980), 85-104.

Kwanten, Luc. A History of Central Asia, 500-1500. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979.

_______. Tibetan-Mongol Relations during the Yüan Dynasty, 1207-1368. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of South Carolina, 1972.

Kycanov, Evgeniy I. "Buddhism and State in Hsi Hsia from Juridical Aspect," Acta Orientalia, vol. 34, fasc. 1-3 (1980), 105-111.

Kychanov, Evgeniy I. "From the History of the Tangut Translation of the Buddhist Canon" in Tibetan and Buddhist Studies Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Alexander Csoma de Körös, Louis Ligeti (ed.), vol. 1. (Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica, vol. 28). Budapest: Akademiai Kiadö, 1984, 377-387.

_______. Ocherk Istorii Tangutskogo Gosudarstva. Moscow: Nauka, 1968.

_______. "Tibetans and Tibetan Culture in the Tangut State Hsi Hsia (982-1227)," in Proceedings of the Csoma de Körös Memorial Symposium, Held at Matrafüred, Hungary, 1976, Louis Ligeti (ed.). Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1978, 205-212.

Kytschanow, Ewgenij I. "Der tangutische Staat Gross-Xia (982-1227)" in Die schwartze Stadt an der Seidenstrasse: Buddhistische Kunst aus Khara Khoto (10.-13. Jahrhundert), Michael Pjotrowskij (ed.). Milan: Electa, 1993, 49-59.

Lal, K.S. "The Advent of Islam in Sind" in Studies in Religion and Change, Madhu Sen (ed.). New Delhi: Books & Books, 1983, 117-128.

Lamotte, Étienne. History of Indian Buddhism. (Publications de L’Institut Orientaliste de Louvain no. 36). Louvain: Institut Orientaliste, 1988.

Laut, Jens Peter. Der frühe türkische Buddhismus und seine literarischen Denkmäler. (Veröffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica, vol. 21). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1986.

Lee, Don Y. The History of Early Relations between China and Tibet: From Chiu T’ang-shu, a Documentary Survey. Bloomington: Eastern Press, 1981.

Lieu, S. The Religion of Light: An Introduction to the History of Manichaeism in China. Hong Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 1979.

Litvinsky, B. A. "India and Soviet Central Asia" in India’s Contribution to World Thought and Culture, Lokesh Chandra, et al. (eds.). Madras: Vivekananda Rock Memorial Committee, 1970, 263-274.

Liu, Mau-tsai. Kutscha und seine Beziehungen zu China von 2. Jh. V. Bis zum 6. Jh.n. Chr., 2 vols. (Asiatische Forschungen, vol. 27). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1969.

Lo Bue, Erberto. "The Princes of Gyantse and Their Role as Builders and Patrons of Arts" in Tibetan Studies, Proceedings of the 5th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Narita 1989, Shoren Ihara and Zuiho Yamaguchi (eds.), vol. 2. (Monograph Series of the Naritasan Institute for Buddhist Studies, Occasional Papers, no. 2). Narita: Naritasan Shinshoji, 1992, 559-573.

Macdonald, Alexander W. "Religion in Tibet at the Time of Srong-btsan Sgam-po" in Tibetan and Buddhist Studies Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Alexander Csoma de Körös, Louis Ligeti (ed.), vol. 2. (Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica, vol. 28). Budapest: Akademiai Kiadö, 1984, 129-140.

Mackerras, Colin. The Uighur Empire, According to T’ang Dynastic Histories. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1972.

_______. "The Uighurs" in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Denis Sinor (ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 317-342.

Maclean, Derryl N. Religion and Society in Arab Sind. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1989.

Mair, Victor H. "Three Brief Essays Concerning Chinese Tocharistan, no. B: Early Iranian Influences on Buddhism in Central Asia," Sino-Platonic Papers, no. 16 (March 1990), 131-134.

Majumdar, R. C. (ed.). The History and Culture of the Indian People, vol. 3: The Classical Age. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1954.

Manz, Beatrice Forbes. "The Ulus Chagatay before and after Temür’s Rise to Power: The Transformation from Tribal Confederation to Army of Conquest," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 27, nos. 1-2 (1983), 79-100.

Marks, Thomas A. "History and Religion in the Ladakhi Kingdom," Tibet Journal, vol. 2, no. 2 (Summer 1977), 38-56.

Maue, D. and Röhrborn, K. "Ein ‘buddhistischer Katechismus’ in alttürkischer Sprache und tibetischer Schrift," Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, vol. 134, part 2 (1984), 286-313; vol. 135, part 1 (1985), 68-91.

Melikian-Chirvani, Assadullah Souren. "The Buddhist Ritual in the Literature of Early Islamic Iran" in South Asian Archeology 1981, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of South Asian Archeologists in Westen Europe: held in Cambridge University, 5-10 July 1981, Bridget Allchin (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984, 272-279.

_______. "L’évocation litéraire du Bouddhisme dans l’Iran musulman," in Le Monde Iranien et l’Islam: Sociétés et Cultures, vol. 2. (Hautes Études Isamique et Orientales d’Histoire Comparée, vol. 6). Geneva: Librairie Droz, 1974, 1-72.

Menjani, Nikmet. "The Spread of Islam among the Kazakh People" in The Legacy of Islam in China: An International Symposium in Memory of Joseph F. Fletcher, April 14-16, 1989. Unpublished manuscript, John King Fairbank Center, Harvard University, 733-757.

Mitra, R.C. The Decline of Buddhism in India. (Visva-Bharati Studies, no. 20). Shantiniketan: Visvabharati, 1954.

Moevus, Claude. "The Chinese Hui Muslims’ Trade in Tibetan Areas," Tibet Journal, vol. 20, no. 3 (Autumn 1995), 115-123.

Molé, Gabriella. The T’u-yü-hun from the Northern Wei to the Time of the Five Dynasties. (Serie Orientale Roma, vol. 41). Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1970.

Moses, Larry Williams. The Political Role of Mongol Buddhism. (Indiana University Ural Altaic Series, vol. 133). Bloomington: Asian Studies Research Institute, 1977.

Mustafina, Raushan M. Predstavleniya, Kul’ty, Obryady u Kazakhov (v Kontekste Bytovogo Islama v Yujnom Kazakhstane v Kontse xix – xx vv.). Almaty: Kazakh Universiteti, 1992.

Muti’i, Ibrahim. "The Islamic Madrassah in the Early Period of Uigur Conversion to Islam" in The Legacy of Islam in China: An International Symposium in Memory of Joseph F. Fletcher, April 14-16, 1989. Unpublished manuscript, John King Fairbank Center, Harvard University, 597-618.

Narain, A.K. "Indo-Europeans in Inner Asia" in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Denis Sinor (ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 151-176.

Naudou, Jean. Buddhists of Kashmir (transl. from the French). Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 1980.

Newman, John. "A Brief History of the Kalachakra," in The Wheel of Time, The Kalachakra in Context, Geshe Lhundub Sopa (ed.). Madison, Wisconsin: Deer Park Books, 1985, 51-84.

_______. "The Paramadibuddha (the Kalacakra Mulatantra) and Its Relation to the Early Kalacakra Literature," Indo-Iranian Journal, vol. 30 (1987), 93-102.

Norbu, Namkhai. The Necklace of Gzi. Dharamsala: Information Office of H. H. the Dalai Lama, 1981.

Olbrecht, Peter. "Die Tanguten und ihre Geschichte bis zur Gründung von Si Hia," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 2, no. 2 (1956), 142-154.

Petech, Luciano. "The ‘Bri-gung-pa Sect in Western Tibet and Ladakh" in Proceedings of the Csoma de Körös Memorial Symposium, Held at Matrafüred, Hungary, 1976, Louis Ligeti (ed.). Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1978, 313-325.

_______. The Kingdom of Ladakh c. 950-1842 A.D. (Serie Orientale Roma, vol. 51). Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1977.

_______. Mediaeval History of Nepal (c. 750-1480). 2nd revised ed. (Serie Orientale Roma, vol. 54). Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1984.

_______. "The Tibetan-Ladakhi-Moghul War 1681-1683," Indian Historical Quarterly, vol. 23 (1947), 169-199.

_______. "Tibetan Relations with Sung China and with the Mongols" in China among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th – 14th Centuries, Morris Rossabi (ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983, 173-203.

_______. "Ya-ts’e, Gu-ge, Pu-ran: A New Study," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 24 (1980), 85-111.

Pinks, E. Die Uiguren von Kan-chou in der frühen Sung-Zeit (960-1028). (Asiatische Forschungen, no. 24). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1968.

Pritsak, Omeljan. "Von den Karluk zu den Karachaniden," Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, vol. 101, n. f. (1951), 270-300.

Przyluski, J. "La croyance au messie dans l’Inde et l’Iran," Revue de l’Histoire des Religions, vol. 100 (1929), 1-12.

Ptchelina, E. G. and Stavisky, B. J. "Kara-Tepe – Remains of a Buddhist Monastery of the Kushan Period in Old Termez" in Indo-Asian Studies, part 1, Raghu Vira (ed.). (Shata Pitaka Series, Indo-Asian Literatures, vol. 31). Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture, 1963, 193-202.

Pulleyblank, Edwin G. The Background of the Rebellion of An Lu-shan. (London Oriental Series, no. 4). London: Oxford University Press, 1955.

_______. "A Sogdian Colony in Inner Mongolia," T’oung Pao, vol. 41, parts 4-5 (1952), 317-356.

Puri, B. N. Buddhism in Central Asia. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1987.

_______. "Religion – A Challenging Force in Indian History between the 8th – 10th Century A.D." in Studies in Religion and Change, Madhu Sen (ed.). New Delhi: Books & Books, 1983, 111-116.

Ram, Rajendra. A History of Buddhism in Nepal A.D. 704-1396. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1978.

Riccardi Jr., Theodore. "Buddhism in Ancient and Early Medieval Nepal" in Studies in the History of Buddhism, Papers Presented at the International Conference on the History of Buddhism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WIS, USA, August 19-21, 1976, A. K. Narain (ed.). Delhi: B. R. Publishing, 1980, 265-281.

Richard, Jean. "La conversion de Berke et les débuts de l’Islamisation de la horde d’or," Revue des Études Islamiques, vol. 35 (1967), 173-184.

Richardson, Hugh E. "The Cult of Vairocana in Early Tibet" in Indo-Tibetan Studies: Papers in Honour of Professor D. L. Snellgrove, Tadeusz Skorupski (ed.). (Buddhica Britannica Series Continua, vol. 2). Tring, U. K.: The Institute of Buddhist Studies, 1990, 271-274.

_______. "‘The Dharma that Came Down from Heaven’: a Tun-huang Fragment" in Buddhist Thought and Asian Civilization: Essays in Honor of Herbert V. Guenther on His Sixtieth Birthday, Leslie S. Kawamura and Keith Scott (eds.). Emeryville, California: Dharma Publishing, 1977, 219-229.

_______. "Ministers of the Tibetan Kingdom," Tibet Journal, vol. 2, no. 1 (Spring 1977), 10-27.

_______. "Political Aspects of the Snga-dar, the First Diffusion of Buddhism in Tibet," Bulletin of the Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies, Harvard University, vol. 2, no. 3 (1992), 3-10.

_______. "Who Was Yum-brtan?" in Études tibétaines dédicées à memoire de Marcelle Lalou. Paris: Librarie d’Amérique et d’O rient, 1971, 433-439.

Ries, Julien. "Bouddhisme et Manichéisme: Les étapes d’une recherche" in Indianisme et Bouddhisme, Mélanges offerts à Mgr. Étienne Lamotte. (Publications de l’institut orientaliste de Louvain, no. 23). Louvain: Institut Orientaliste, 1980, 281-295.

Rizvi, S. A. A. "Islam in Medieval India" in A Cultural History of India, A. L. Basham (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975, 281-293.

_______. "The Muslim Ruling Dynasties," op. cit., 245-265.

Robinson, Richard H. and Johnson, Willard L. The Buddhist Religion, 3rd ed. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1982.

Roerich, George N. Biography of Dharmasvamin, Chag lo-tsa-ba Chos-rje-dpal, A Tibetan Monk Pilgrim, with an historical and critical introduction by Dr. A. S. Altekar. Patna: K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute, 1959. Reprinted in Roerich, George N. Izbrannie Trudi. Moscow: Nauka, 1967, 453-571.

_______. The Blue Annals, 2 vols. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1949, 1953.

Róna-Tas, András. An Introduction to Turkology. Szeged: József Attila Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kar, 1991.

_______. "Materialien zur alten Religion der Türken" in Synkretismus in den Religionen Zentralasiens, Walther Heissig and Hans-Joachim Klimkeit (eds.). (Studies in Oriental Religions, vol. 13). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1987, 33-45.

_______. "Some Notes on the Terminology of Mongolian Writing," Acta Orientalia, vol. 18, fasc. 1-2 (1965), 119-147.

Rossabi, Morris. China and Inner Asia: From 1368 to the Present Day. London: Thames & Hudson, 1975.

_______. "Ming China and Turfan, 1406-1517," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 16, no. 3 (1972), 206-225.

_______. "Muslims and Central Asian Revolts" in From Ming to Ch’ing: Conquest, Region and Continuity in Seventeenth Century China, Jonathan D. Spence and John F. Wills, Jr. (eds.). New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979, 169-199.

_______. "The Muslims in the Early Yüan Dynasty" in China under Mongol Rule, John D. Langlois, Jr. (ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981, 257-295.

Roux, J.P. "La religion des turcs de l’Orkhon des VIIe et VIIIe siècles," Revue de l’Histoire des Religions, vol. 161, no. 1 (January-March 1962), 1-24; vol. 161, no. 2 (April-June 1962), 199-231.

Ruegg, David Seigfort. "On the Tibetan Historiography and Doxography of the ‘Great Debate of bSam yas,’" in Tibetan Studies, Proceedings of the 5th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Narita 1989, Shoren Ihara and Zuiho Yamaguchi (eds.), vol. 1. (Monograph Series of the Naritasan Institute for Buddhist Studies, Occasional Papers, no. 2). Narita: Naritasan Shinshoji, 1992, 237-244.

_______. "Problems in the Transmission of Vajrayana Buddhism in the Western Himalaya about the Year 1000," Acta Indologica, vol. 6 (1984), 369-381.

Sagaster, Klaus. "Ein Dokument des Tschinggis-Khan-Kult in der Khalkha-Mongolei" in Collectanae Mongolica, Festschrift für Professor Dr. Rintchen zum 60. Geburtstag, Walther Heissig (ed.). (Asiatische Forschungen, vol. 17). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1966, 193-234.

_______. "Kesar, der islamische Antichrist" in Documenta Barbarorum: Festschrift für Walther Heissig zum 70. Geburtstag, Klaus Sagaster and Michael Weiers (eds.). (Veröffentlichen der Societas Uralo-Altaica, vol. 18). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1983, 341-348.

_______. "Die Verehrung Cinggis Khan bei den Mongolen" in Deutscher Orientalistentag vom 26. bis 30. September 1988 im Köln, Ausgewählte Vorträge. (Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Supplement, no. 8). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1990, 365-371.

Samolin, William. East Turkistan to the Twelfth Century: A Brief Political Survey. (Central Asiatic Studies, no. 9). The Hague: Mouton & Co., 1964.

Samosyuk, Kira F. "Buddhistische Kunst im Reich der Tanguten" in Die schwartze Stadt an der Seidenstrasse: Buddhistische Kunst aus Khara Khoto (10.-13. Jahrhundert), Michael Pjotrowskij (ed.). Milan: Electa, 1993, 60-88.

Sankalia, H. The University of Nalanda, 2nd ed. Delhi: Oriental Publishers, 1972.

Schaeder, Hans Heinrich. "Der iranische Zeitgott und sein Mythos," Zeitschrift der Deutsche Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, vol. 95, part 2 (1941), 268-299.

Schafer, Edward H. The Golden Peaches of Samarkand. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1963.

Scharlipp, Wolfgang. "Kurzer Überblick über die buddhistische Literatur der Türken," Materialia Turcica, vol. 6 (1980), 37-53.

Schwartz, Henry G. "The Khwajas of Eastern Turkestan," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 20 (1976), 266-296.

_______. The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey. (Studies on East Asia, vol. 17). Bellingham, Washington: Center for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University, 1984.

Schwartz, P. "Bemerkungen zu den arabischen Nachrichten über Balkh" in Oriental Studies in Honour of Curetji Erachji Pavry, Jal Dastur Curetji Pavry (ed.). London: Oxford University Press, 1933, 434-443.

Scott, David Alan. "Buddhism and Islam: Past to Present Encounters and Interfaith Lessons," Numen International Review for the History of Religions, vl. 42, no. 2 (May 1995), 141-155.

_______. "The Iranian Face of Buddhism," East and West, vol. 41, nos. 1-4 (December 1991), 43-78.

_______. "Manichaean Views of Buddhism," History of Religions, vol. 25, no. 2 (November 1985), 99-115.

Shakabpa, W. D. Tibet: A Political History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1967.

Shakspo, Nawang Tsering. A History of Buddhism in Ladakh. Delhi: Ladakh Buddhist Vihara, 1988.

Sheikh, Abdul Ghani. "Tibetan Muslims," Tibet Journal, vol. 16, no. 4 (Winter 1991), 86-89.

Shi Jinbo. Xixia Fojiao Shilüe. Yinchuan: Ningxia Renmin Chuban She, 1988.

Shushud, Hasan. Masters of Wisdom of Central Asia. Muhtar Holland, transl. Ellingstring, U. K.: Coombe Springs Press, 1983.

Siddiqi, W. H. "India’s Contribution to Arab Civilization" in India’s Contribution to World Thought and Culture, Lokesh Chandra, et al. (eds.). Madras: Vivekananda Rock Memorial Committee, 1970, 579-588.

Siddiqui, Ataullah. "Muslims of Tibet," Tibet Journal, vol. 16, no. 4 (Winter 1991), 71-85.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. "Indian Elements in Parthian and Sogdian" in Sprachen des Buddhismus in Zentralasien: Vorträge des Hamburger Symposions von 2. Juli bis 5 Juli 1981, Klaus Röhrborn and Wolfgang Veenker (eds.). (Veröffentlichen der Societas Uralo-Altaica, vol. 16). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassawitz, 1983, 132-141.

_______. "The Sogdian Sound-System and the Origins of the Uyghur Script," Journal Asiatique, vol. 268 (1981), 347-360.

Singh, Mian Goverdhan. History of Himachal Pradesh. Delhi: Yugbodh Publishing, 1982.

Sinor, Denis. "The Establishment and Dissolution of the Türk Empire" in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Denis Sinor (ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 285-316.

_______. Inner Asia, History, Civilization, Languages – A Syllabus. (Ural and Altaic Series, vol. 96). Bloomington: Indiana University Publications, 2nd ed., 1971.

Skorupski, Tadeusz. "Tibetan g-Yung-drung Bon Monastery in India," Tibet Journal, vol. 11, no. 2 (Summer 1986), 36-49.

Snellgrove, David. Indo-Tibetan Buddhism: Indian Buddhists and Their Tibetan Successors, 2 vols. Boston: Shambhala Press, 1987.

Sofronov, M. V. "Tibetan Transcription of Tangut Script: The Problem of Prefixes" in Tibetan Studies, Proceedings of the 5th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Narita 1989, Shoren Ihara and Zuiho Yamaguchi (eds.), vol. 2. (Monograph Series of the Naritasan Institute for Buddhist Studies, Occasional Papers, no. 2). Narita: Naritasan Shinshoji, 1992, 735-740.

Somlai, Gyorgy. "A Doha-Interpretation According to Jo-nan-pa Kun-dga’ sñin-po," Acta Orientalia, vol. 44, fasc. 1 (1990), 139-145.

Sperling, Eliot. "Hülegü and Tibet," Acta Orientalia, vol. 44, fasc. 1 (1990), 145-158.

_______. "‘Lama to the King of Hsia,’" Journal of the Tibet Society, vol. 7 (1987), 31-50.

_______. "Rtsa-mi Lo-tsa-ba Sangs-rgyas grags-pa and the Tangut Background to Early Mongol-Tibetan Relations" in Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 6th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Fagernes 1992, Per Kvaerne (ed.), vol 2. Oslo: The Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture, 1994, 801-824.

Spuler, Berthold. "Central Asia from the Sixteenth Century to the Russian Conquest" in The Cambridge History of Islam, vol. 1, P. M. Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton and B. Lewis (eds.). London: Cambridge University Press, 1970, 468-494.  

_______. Iran in Früh-Islamischer Zeit: Politik, Verwaltung und öffentliches Leben zwischen der arabischer und seldschukischen Eroberung 633 bis 1055. (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Liteatur, Veröffentlichungen der orientalischen Kommission, vol. 2). Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1952.

_______. Die Mongolen in Iran: Poltik, Verwaltung und Kultur der Ilchanzeit 1220-1350. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1968.

_______. "‘Buddha-Mazda’ from Kara-tepe in Old Termez (Uzbekistan): A Preliminary Communication," Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, vol. 3, no. 2 (1980), 89-94.

Stein, Sir Marc Aurel. Ancient Khotan: Detailed Report of Archaeological Explorations in Chinese Turkestan, 3 vols. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1981; 1st edition: 1906.

_______. "A Contribution to the History of the Sahis of Kabul," East and West, vol. 23, no. 1-2 (March-June 1973), 13-20.

Stein, R.A. Une chronique ancienne de bSam-yas: sBa-bzhed. (Publications de l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, Textes et Documents, vol. 1). Paris: Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, 1961.

_______. "Une mention de Manichéisme dans le choix de Bouddhisme comme religion d’état par la roi tibétains Khri-sron lde-bcan" in Indianisme et Bouddhisme, Mélanges offerts à Mgr. Étienne Lamotte. (Publications de l’institut orientaliste de Louvain, no. 23). Louvain: Institut Orientaliste, 1980, 329-337.

_______. "Nouveaux documents tibétains sur le Mi-Ñag /Si-Hia" in Mélanges de Sinologie offerts à Monsieur Paul Demiéville, vol. 1. (Bibliothèque de l’Institut des hautes études chinoises, vol. 20.). Paris: Presses Universitée de France, 1966, 281-294.

_______. "Tibetica Antiqua V: La religion indigène et les bon-po dans les manuscrits de TouenHouang," Bulletin de l’École Français d’Extreme Orient, vol. 77 (1988), 27-56.

Sushanlo, Fatima M. Buddizm v Istorii Naradov Srednevekovoi Kirgizii. Novosibirsk: Buryatskii Institut Obshchestvennykh Nauk, 1983.

_______. Drevnyaya Kroraina (Kompleks Etnokul’turnykh Problem). Bishkek: Akademiya Nauk Republiki Kyrgyzstan, Institut Politiko-Ekonomicheskogo Zarubejnogo Opyta Ilim, 1993.

Szerb, Janos. "A Note on the Tibetan-Uighur Treaty of 822/823 A.D.," in Proceedings of the Csoma de Körös Memorial Symposium, Held at Velm-Vienna, Austria, 13-19 September 1981, Ernst Steinkellner and Helmut Tauscher (ed.). vol. 1. Wien: Arbeitkreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien, 1983, 375-387.

Takla, P. T. "The Origins of Relations between Tibet and Other Central Asian Countries," Common Voice: Journal of the Allied Committee of the Peoples of Eastern Turkestan, Mongolia, Manchuria and Tibet presently under China, vol. 2 (1992), 19-28.

Tao Jing-shen. The Jurchen in Twelfth Century China: A Study of Sinicization. (Publications on Asia of the Institute for Comparative and Foreign Area Studies, no. 29) Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1976.

_______. Two Sons of Heaven: Studies in Sung-Liao Relations. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1988.

Tatz, Mark. "T’ang Dynasty Influences on the Early Spread of Buddhism in Tibet," Tibet Journal, vol. 3, no. 2 (Summer 1978), 3-32.

Thomas, Frederick William. "Buddhism in Khotan: Its Decline according to Two Tibetan Accounts" in Sir Asutosh Mookerjee Silver Jubilee Volume, vol. 3, part 3. Calcutta, 1927, 30-52.

_______. Tibetan Literary Texts and Documents Concerning Chinese Turkestan, 4 vols. (Oriental Translation Fund Series, new series, vols. 32, 37, 40, 41). London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1935, 1951, 1953, 1963.

Thomas, Frederick William and Clauson, G. L. M. "A Chinese Buddhist Text in Tibetan Characters,"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (April 1927), 282-283.

_______. "A Second Chinese Buddhist Text in Tibetan Characters," Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (October 1927), 281-306.

Tibbati, Abu Bakr Amiru’d-Din, Tibbat aur Tibbati Musalman. Lucknow: Nadwatu’l-’ulama, 1979; English version: Tibet and Tibetan Muslims. Unpublished manuscript held at the Library of Tibetan Works & Archives, Dharamsala, India.

Trimingham, John Spencer. The Sufi Orders in Islam. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.

Tucci, Guiseppe. "Iran et Tibet," Acta Iranica, vol. 1 (1974), 299-306.

_______. "New Areas of Research for Archaeologists and Buddhologists," Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, vol. 1, no. 1 (1978), 71-74.

_______. "On Swat, the Dards and Connected Problems," East and West n. s., vol. 27 (1977), 9-104.

_______. Preliminary Report on Two Scientific Expeditions in Nepal. (Serie Orientale Roma, vol. 10, no. 1). Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1956.

_______. Rin-chen-bzang-po and the Renaissance of Buddhism in Tibet around the Millenium. (Indo-Tibetica, vol. 2). Rome: Reale Accademia d’Italia, 1932.

_______. "The Secret Character of the Kings of Ancient Tibet," East and West, vol. 6, no. 3 (October 1955), 197-205.

_______. "The Validity of Tibetan Historical Tradition" in India Antiqua, a Volume of Oriental Studies Presented by His Friends and Pupils to Jean Philippe Vogel. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1947, 309-322.

_______. "The Wives of Srong-btsan-sgam-po," Oriens Extremus, vol. 9 (1962), 121-126.

Turgunov, B.A. "Excavations of a Buddhist Temple at Dal’verzin-tepe," East and West, vol. 42, no. 1 (March 1992), 131-156.

Uebach, Helga. "dByar-mo-than and Gon-bu ma-ru. Tibetan Historiographical Tradition on the Treaty of 821/823" in Tibetan History and Language: Studies Dedicated to Uray Géza on His Seventieth Birthday, Ernst Steinkellner (ed.). (Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde, vol. 26). Wien: Arbeitkreis für tibetische und buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien, 1991, 497-526.

Upasak, C.S. History of Buddhism in Afghanistan. (Miscellaneous Series, no. 2). Sarnath: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, 1990.

Uray, Géza. "Contribution to the Date of the Vyutpatti-Treatises," Acta Orientalia, vol. 43, fasc. 1 (1989), 3-21.

_______. "L’emploi du tibétain dans les chancelleries des États du Kan-sou et de Khotan postérieurs à la domination tibétaine," Journal Asiatique, vol. 269 (1981), 81-90.

_______. "New Contributions to Tibetan Documents from the post-Tibetan Tun-huang," in Tibetan Studies, Proceedings of the 4th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Schloss Hohenkammer-Munich 1985, Helge Uebach and Jampa L. Panglung (ed.). (Studia Tibetica, Bd. 2). München: Kommission für Zentralasiatische Studien Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1988, 515-529.

_______. "Tibet’s Connections with Nestorianism and Manichaeism in the 8th – 10th Centuries," in Proceedings of the Csoma de Körös Memorial Symposium, Held at Velm-Vienna, Austria, 13-19 September 1981, Ernst Steinkellner and Helmut Tauscher (ed.). vol. 1. Wien: Arbeitkreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien, 1983, 399-429.

Utz, David A. A Survey of Buddhist Sogdian Studies. (Bibliographia Philologica Buddhica, Series Minor, no. 3). Tokyo: The Reiyukai Library, 1978.

van der Kuijp, Leonard W. J. "Jayananda. A Twelfth Century Guoshi from Kashmir among the Tangut," Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 37 (1993).

_______. "Miscellanea to a Recent Contribution on/to the bSam-yas Debate," Kailash, vol. 11, nos. 3 & 4 (1984), 149-184.

von Gabain, Annemarie. Der Buddhismus in Zentralasien. (Handbuch der Orientalistik, series 1, vol. 8, no. 2). Leiden/Köln: E. J. Brill, 1961.

_______. "Buddhistische Türkenmissionen" in Asiatica, Festschrift Friedrich Waller zum 65 Geburtstag, J. Schubert (ed.). Leipzig: Otto Harrassowitz, 1954, 161-173.

_______. "Die Frühgeschichte der Uiguren, 607-745," Nachrichten, Gesellschaft für Natur und Völkerkunde Ostasiens, vol. 72 (1952), 18-32.

_______. "Iranische Elemente in Zentral- und Ostasiatischen Volksglauben," Studia Orientalia, vol. 47 (1974), 57-70.

_______. Das Leben im uigurischen Königreich von Qoco (850-1250). Textband. (Veröffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica, vol. 6). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1973.

_______. "Die Qoco-Uiguren und die nationalen Minderheiten" in Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der altaischen Völker, Protokollband der XII. Tagung der Permanent International Altaistic Conference 1969 in Berlin, Peter Zeime (ed.). Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1974, 241-249.

_______. "Steppe und Stadt im Leben der ältesten Türken," Der Islam, vol. 29, part 1 (1949), 30-62.

_______. Das uigurische Königreich von Chotscho (850-1250). (Sitzungsberichte der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Klasse für Sprachen, Literatur und Kunst. Jhg 1961, no. 5). Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1961.

von Tongerloo, Alois. "Notes on the Iranian Elements in the Old Uighur Manichaean Texts" in Manichaean Studies: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Manichaeism, Peter Bryder (ed.). (Lund Studies in African and Asian Religions, no. 1). Lund, Sweden: Plus Ultra, 1988, 213-219.

Vorob’ev, M. V. Kul’tura Chzhurchzhenei i Gosudarstva Tszin. Moscow: Nauka, 1983.

Warikov, Kulbhushan. "Ladakh’s Trade Relations with Tibet under the Dogras" in Tibetan Studies, Proceedings of the 5th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Narita 1989, Shoren Ihara and Zuiho Yamaguchi (eds.), vol. 2. (Monograph Series of the Naritasan Institute for Buddhist Studies, Occasional Papers, no. 2). Narita: Naritasan Shinshoji, 1992, 853-861.

Wayman, Alex. "Observations on the History and Influence of the Buddhist Tantra in Tibet and India" in Studies in the History of Buddhism, Papers Presented at the International Conference on the History of Buddhism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WIS, USA, August 19-21, 1976, A. K. Narain (ed.). Delhi: B. R. Publishing, 1980, 359-363.

Webb, Russell. "The Early Spread and Influence of Buddhism in Western Asia," Buddhist Studies Review, vol. 10, no. 1 (1993), 57-82.

Weiers, Michael. "Das Khanat Tschaghatai" in Die Mongolen, Michael Weiers (ed.). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1986, 290-299.

_______. "Die Mongolen in Iran," op. cit., 300-344.

Widengren, Geo. Mani and Manichaeism. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965.

Wilson, Horace Hayman (transl.). The Vishnu Purana, 5 vols. New York: Garland Publishing, 1981; 1st edition: London: Trübner & Co., 1864

Wittfogel, Karl A. and Feng Chia-sheng. History of a Chinese Society: Liao (907-1125). (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, n.s. vol. 36, 1946). Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1949.

Wylie, Turrell V. "Some Political Factors in the Early History of Tibetan Buddhism" in Studies in the History of Buddhism, Papers Presented at the International Conference on the History of Buddhism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WIS, USA, August 19-21, 1976, A. K. Narain (ed.). Delhi: B. R. Publishing, 1980, 365-372.

Yampolsky, Philip. "New Japanese Studies in Early Ch’an History," in Early Ch’an in China and Tibet, Whalen Lai and Lewis Lancaster (eds.). (Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series, no. 5). Berkeley: University of California Buddhist Studies Group, 1983, 1-11.

Zaehner, R. C. Hindu and Muslim Mysticism. (School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Jordan Lectures in Comparative Religion, no. 5). London: University of London Athlone Press, 1960.

_______. Zurvan: A Zoroastrian Dilemma. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1955.

Zarcone, Thierry. "Sufism from Central Asia among the Tibetans in the 16-17th Centuries," Tibet Journal, vol. 20, no. 3 (Autumn 1995), 96-114.

Zelinsky, A. N. and Kuznetsov, B. I. "Tibetan Inscriptions near the Issuk-Kul," Christopher I. Beckwith (transl.), The Tibet Society Bulletin, vol. 6 (1973), 35-37.

Zieme, Peter. Religion und Gesellschaft im Uigurischen Königreich von Qoco: Kolophone und Stifter des alttürkischen buddhistischen Schrifttums aus Zentralasien. (Abhandlungen der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, vol. 88). Opladen: Westdeutscher, 1992.

Zürcher, E. "Buddhism in a Pre-Modern Bureaucratic Empire: The Chinese Experience" in Studies in the History of Buddhism, Papers Presented at the International Conference on the History of Buddhism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WIS, USA, August 19-21, 1976, A. K. Narain (ed.). Delhi: B. R. Publishing, 1980, 401-411.

_______. The Buddhist Conquest of China, The Spread and Adoption of Buddhism in Early Medieval China. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1959.