Four topics summarizing the initial scope and intermediate scope teachings of the graded path (lam-rim), often listing in the Kagyu and Nyingma traditions as the common preliminaries for tantra practice: (1) appreciating the precious human rebirth, (2) thinking about death and impermanence, (3) thinking about the laws of karma (behavioral cause and effect), and (4) thinking about the disadvantages of samsara.
Tibetan: བློ་ལྡོག་རྣམ་བཞི། blo-ldog rnam-bzhi
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