The Challenges for Buddhism in the 21st Century

Introduction

Thank you very much for your kind introduction. I am really very pleased and very honored to be here with you today at this very famous university. I have been asked to speak about Buddhism in the 21st century, which is, of course, an enormous topic. I asked for a little bit of guidance as to what I should direct my comments to within this area, and it was suggested that I speak about the global aspects of Buddhism and the prospects of Buddhism.

As you know, Buddhism is not a unified type of system or even religion. One could even debate whether or not it actually is a religion. It spread from India to many, many countries throughout Asia, and in each country, each civilization that it encountered, it was understood and adopted to that culture, so we find very different brands of Buddhism around Asia.

There are three general waves of Buddhism. One went to Southeast Asia, the so-called Theravada Buddhism. We find that in Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia, a little bit in Vietnam (not that much). Then, we find one wave that went through Central Asia to China, and from China to Japan and Korea, and down to Vietnam. Then another wave that went later from India to Tibet, and from Tibet to Mongolia, and throughout Central Asia and to the various Mongol groups who came to Russia, so the Buryats, the Kalmyks and also a Turkic group, the Tuvinians. We have a wide diversity, and that is a bit simplifying because, within that, there were various waves.

In more recent times, although one could trace it back several centuries ago, there has been an interest and a movement of Buddhism in Western countries, let us say, non-traditionally Buddhist countries. In each of these different areas, of course, we have a different history, and we have a different interaction with the culture. It is very difficult to generalize about all of this. There is also the situation of what is going on now, and then the prospects for the rest of this 21st century and beyond. I think one way of approaching this is in terms of the way in which His Holiness the Dalai Lama often talks about Buddhism, which is that there are three different areas: One can speak about Buddhist science, Buddhist philosophy and Buddhist religion. These have various, different appeals and benefits, things that they can offer to the world.

Original Audio from the Seminar

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