Explaining Vajra Expressions: 6 Alternatives & 4 Modes

Root tantra texts (rtsa-rgyud) are purposely written in obscure language, known as vajra expressions (rdo-rje'i tshig), to ensure that disciples rely closely on tantric masters for studying and practicing tantra. Without a hermeneutical device, the texts appear confusing or meaningless.

In Illuminating Lamp (sGron-gsal, Skt. Pradipotyatana), a commentary to The Guhyasamaja Root Tantra (gSang-ba 'dus-pa rtsa-rgyud), the Indian master Chandrakirti II outlined six alternatives and four modes (mtha'-drug tshul-bzhi) for explaining the various levels of meaning of vajra-expressions - specifically, those in anuttarayoga tantra texts.

The following presentation is according to the explanation of the six and the four by the 15th-century Gelug master Gyu Sherab-senggey (rGyud Shes-rab seng-ge) in An Extensive Explanation of "Illuminating Lamp" (sGron-gsal rgya-cher bshad-pa). This commentary is a major textbook studied by the monks of Gyume Lower Tantric Monastic College (rGyud-smad), which this master founded.

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