A cognition that takes a phenomenon's mode of existence that it makes appear – namely, an appearance of its seemingly truly established existence – to be the phenomenon's actual mode of existence. The deceptive cognition may be either accurate or distorted with respect to the appearance it makes of the superficial truth of what the phenomenon conventionally is.
Tibetan: འཁྲུལ་ཤེས། 'khrul-shes
Sanskrit: bhrāntajñāna
J. Hopkins: Mistaken consciousness
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