Ways of speaking that arise from disturbing emotions and ripen into the experience of suffering by the person who perpetuates them: (1) Lying, (2) speaking divisively, (3) speaking harshly, (4) chattering meaninglessly.
Tibetan: ངག་གི་མི་དགེ་བ་བཞི། ngag-gi mi-dge-ba bzhi
Synonyms: Four non-virtues of speech; Four non-virtuous actions of speech; Four unwholesome actions of speech
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