Karma Kagyu mahamudra meditation entails shamatha and vipashyana meditation on the conventional and deepest natures, respectively, of the mind. These meditations are preceded by preliminary practices and enhanced by various advanced methods. Dr. Berzin introduces these meditations as delineated in the Ninth Karmapa's text as they focus successively on the conventional and deepest natures of the mind in its various aspects. These aspects include the mind when it is perceiving sense objects, when it is moving with thoughts and when it is settled.