Ways of Knowing

An explanation of the main features of the Bon tradition by the 34th Menri Trizin, the current spiritual leader of Bon.

Subsequent cognition is an invalid awareness that apprehends what has already been apprehended.

Examples illustrating the seven ways of knowing, and how to identify and apply them in our daily lives.

A semblance of a bare cognition is an awareness that is deceptive with respect to its appearing object.

An overview of the Sautrantika list of the seven ways of knowing, which include valid and non-valid ways of knowing.

A summary of the main assertions unique to the Gelug tradition, concerning cognition theory, the Indian Buddhist tenet systems, karma, the three times, and many more.

Existent phenomena are defined as what is validly knowable. In the Sautrantika system, existent phenomena are divided into nonstatic objective entities and static metaphysical ones.

With non-determining cognition, the involved object of the cognition appears clearly and accurately, but without a decisive determination of it.

Apprehension is an accurate, decisive cognition of its own object. Of the seven ways of knowing, bare cognition, inferential cognition and subsequent cognition are apprehensions.

This eighteenth century text concerns the mind and the ways in which it knows things, and is written from the point of view of the Gelug interpretation of the True Aspectarian branch of the Sautrantika tenet system of Indian Buddhism.