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Cognition
105 Articles
A Mere Making of Appearances and Cognizing Them
The Meaning of “Mind” in Buddhism I’ve been asked to come here this weekend to teach about appearances (snang-ba), how the mind makes appearances and the various problems that are associated with that. This is not a very simple topic, because in fact all our problems come...
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The Nature of Appearances: Gelug Explanation
Types of Phenomena and Existence: Gelug Chittamatra
Introduction [As background, see: The Two Truths: Vaibhashika and Sautrantika] The Tibetans study four tenet systems (grub-mtha’) of Indian Buddhism. Among them, Vaibhashika (bye-brag smra-ba) and Sautrantika (mdo-sde-pa) are Hinayana systems – specifically, subdivisions of...
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Basic Features of the Gelug Chittamatra System
General Application of the Seven Ways of Knowing
Introduction Our topic for this weekend is “ways of knowing” or lorig in Tibetan. This is a very helpful topic because it deals with how we know anything, how we know that what we know is correct, and how we know that it is decisive. It very much affects how we proceed on the...
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Elaboration of “Lorig: Ways of Knowing”
The Five Ever-Functioning and Five Ascertaining Mental Factors
Review Yesterday we began our discussion of the types of appearances that the mind gives rise to. We saw that in order to understand this, we need to understand what we mean by “mind.” We saw that what it’s referring to is mental activity, which is the individual, subjective...
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Elaboration of “Types of Appearances Mind Gives Rise To”
The Last Six Ways of Knowing
Inferential Cognition The next is inferential cognition. And here in the Gelugpa Sautrantika system this is a cognition that arises depending on a line of reasoning. So we could directly perceive smoke coming from the house on the other side of the valley. If we’re...
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Seven Ways of Knowing Objects
Mind, Valid Cognition, Apprehension, and Reflexive Awareness
Mind We’ve seen the general application and relevance of this topic, ways of knowing. There are additional general things that we also need to understand in order to be able to go further into the individual seven ways of knowing. The first of these is to understand what we...
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Elaboration of “Lorig: Ways of Knowing”
Ways of Cognizing Not Indispensable for Mental Activity to Function
Intermittently Manifest Mental Factors Like primary consciousness, the five types of deep awareness and the ten ever-functioning and ascertaining mental factors, the rest of the mental factors also have no beginning. Although they share the same essential nature as the...
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Types of Appearances Mind Gives Rise To: Gelug Explanation
Non-Determining, Subsequent, Distorted and Indecisive Cognitions
Non-Determining Cognition A knowing (of something) that is a non-determining cognition is one whose involved object is an objective entity that appears clearly but without decisiveness. When divided, there are three: (1) (non-determining) sensory bare cognition, (2)...
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Commentary on “Compendium of Ways of Knowing” – Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey
The Three Types of Phenomena: Gelug Chittamatra
Atomic Particles Among forms of physical phenomena are atomic particles (rdul-phran). Although atomic particles do not exist as external phenomena; nevertheless, visible objects, such as clay vases, are made of them. Unlike the Vaibhashika and Sautrantika assertion of atomic...
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Basic Features of the Gelug Chittamatra System
Deceptive Appearances: Sautrantika
Review We’ve been speaking about appearances and how the mind is involved with that. We’ve seen that when we speak about appearances, we’re speaking about something that appears to the mind and has a deep relationship with mind. And when we speak about mind, we’re speaking...
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The Nature of Appearances: Gelug Explanation
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