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Cognition
102 Articles
General Application of the Seven Ways of Knowing
Introduction Our topic for this weekend is “ways of knowing” or lorig in Tibetan. This is a very helpful topic because it deals with how we know anything, how we know that what we know is correct, and how we know that it is decisive. It very much affects how we proceed on the...
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Elaboration of “Lorig: Ways of Knowing”
Context of Ways of Knowing, Bare Perception
Introduction This evening we are going to be speaking about ways of knowing; in other words cognition theory, and how it is that we know things – how our cognition actually works. This is an important topic since it relates very much to how we experience the four noble...
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Seven Ways of Knowing Objects
Introduction, Apprehension and Presumptive Cognition
Preface Among the Tibetans, the Buddhist monasteries have traditionally been the great centers of learning. The educational system followed by many of them, such as Ganden, Sera and Drepung of the Gelug tradition, is modeled on that introduced more than a thousand years ago...
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Commentary on “Compendium of Ways of Knowing” – Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey
A Mere Making of Appearances and Cognizing Them
The Meaning of “Mind” in Buddhism I’ve been asked to come here this weekend to teach about appearances (snang-ba), how the mind makes appearances and the various problems that are associated with that. This is not a very simple topic, because in fact all our problems come...
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The Nature of Appearances: Gelug Explanation
Buddhist Analysis: Types of Phenomena
Introduction We are going to begin our discussion of Buddhist metaphysics. This is a large topic which covers an enormous amount of material, and all of this material is quite difficult; it is very complex, with many, many different items that are involved. But I think the...
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Using Buddhist Metaphysics to Analyze a Problem
Mental Labeling and Imputation
To understand the Gelug Prasangika presentation of dependent arising (rten-’byung ’brel-ba) and the voidness of self-established existence (rang-bzhin-gyis grub-pa; inherent existence), we need to understand the distinctions this school draws between imputation, mental...
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Imputation, Mental Labeling and Designation
Understanding Something: Apprehension
Introduction to the Topic This evening we’re going to be exploring the topic “What does it mean to understand something?” And this is obviously a very important topic and one which is not really traditionally dealt with in Dharma presentations. But obviously we need to...
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Elaboration of "What Does It Mean to Understand Something?"
Types of Phenomena and Existence: Gelug Chittamatra
Introduction [As background, see: The Two Truths: Vaibhashika and Sautrantika] The Tibetans study four tenet systems (grub-mtha’) of Indian Buddhism. Among them, Vaibhashika (bye-brag smra-ba) and Sautrantika (mdo-sde-pa) are Hinayana systems – specifically, subdivisions of...
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Basic Features of the Gelug Chittamatra System
Temporally Related Phenomena
Introduction The past, the present, and the future are important topics to study on the Buddhist path. This is because, for the purification of karma, it is helpful to understand the nature of past destructive actions that we have committed and their future karmic results....
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A Buddha's Knowledge of the Past, Present and Future
Vaibhashika and Sautrantika: The Self
Introduction When we look at the concept of the self in Buddhism, we need to analyze it from the points of view of the four schools of the Indian tenet systems. We’re going to refine our understanding further and further as we work our way through these schools. When we speak...
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The Four Buddhist Tenet Systems Regarding the Self
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