Bare cognition is a fresh, nonfraudulent awareness that is non-deceptive and parted from concepts.

A semblance of a bare cognition is an awareness that is deceptive with respect to its appearing object.

Conceptual cognition is a deceptive cognition, because it confuses a category and generic representation of a member of a category with a specific item. Western languages call such conceptual labeling “projection.”

What has been listened to, what has been thought about and what has been meditated upon are types of conceptual cognition.

An overview of the different numbers of valid ways of knowing in Indian tenet systems.

Something that has an object is defined as a functional phenomenon that continually possesses an object appropriate to itself. The study approach to this material is in terms of sets and debates.

Apprehension is an accurate, decisive cognition of its own object. Of the seven ways of knowing, bare cognition, inferential cognition and subsequent cognition are apprehensions.

Presumptive cognition is an invalid cognition that conceptually takes its object correctly and freshly but presumes it to be true either for no reason, a wrong one, or even a right one but without understanding why it is correct.

An overview of objects that are not decisively cognized within the context of conceptual and nonconceptual cognition.

With non-determining cognition, the involved object of the cognition appears clearly and accurately, but without a decisive determination of it.