Cognition

Understanding the difference between affirmation phenomena, which are known simply by affirming the presence or existence of something, and negation phenomena, known by negating the presence or existence of something, enables us to understand nonstaticness and voidness.

Presumptive cognition is an invalid cognition that conceptually takes its object correctly and freshly but presumes it to be true either for no reason, a wrong one, or even a right one but without understanding why it is correct.

An overview of the different numbers of valid ways of knowing in Indian tenet systems.

Disturbing emotions occur not only in conceptual cognitions, which are always mental cognition, but also in non-conceptual sensory and mental cognition.

Distorted cognition is a way of knowing that takes its own object in an inverted manner.

Indecisive wavering is a mental factor in conceptual cognition that vacillates between two conclusions concerning its object.

A true stopping of impure appearance-making occurs only with enlightenment.

To understand the Gelug Prasangika presentation of dependent arising and the voidness of self-established existence, we need to understand the distinctions between imputation, mental labeling and designation.

Only the omniscient awareness of a Buddha can cognize all the causal factors that affect which specific “presently-happening result” arises from a karmic tendency.

A Gelug presentation of the topic of negations and affirmations, which are crucial in meditating on the negation phenomenon, voidness.